Law experts have been actively looking for solutions within the law to control Deepfakes since their emergence in 2017. Policy recommendations were offered at the end. Were derived leading to the development of the unified model of digital deceptionĪnd online hate pronouncement. Performing brainstorming reviews of extant literature, several theoretical concepts To close this research and theoretical gaps by deriving concepts leading to theĭevelopment of a ‘modelled framework’ for the study of deepfakes and other related cyber deceptions and violence in social, organisational, or national contexts. Theories related to the novel cyber deceptions may be scanty, this chapter attempted Management for organisations, nations, and individuals. Hence, cyberfakes or cyberĭeceptions (e.g., deepfakes, fake news, and even hate speech) have the potential toĬause monumental problems related to cybersecurity and other online information Technologies (ICT) to the weaponisation of ICT itself. Surprises emerged – from the proliferation of information and communication The first quarter of the 21st century has barely passed, but a barrage of ‘disrupting’ While the foregoing examples of deepfakes possess the likelihood of causing domestic unrest, riots, and disruptions in elections, other nation-states could even choose to act out their foreign policies based on unreality, leading to international conflicts. Also, if used by hostile governments, deepfakes could even pose threats to national security or impair international relations (Eigbedion, 2021 Mesky et al., 2020). The negative impacts of deepfake videos/news reports to democratic societies could extend to targeting the reputation of certain individuals (e.g., a deepfake video of a politician offering/ receiving a bribe), portraying false or fabricated events (a fake terrorist attack or kidnap), or impact such democratic processes as electoral campaigns (a deepfake of a presidential candidate giving a racist speech or a presidential candidate confessing complicity in a crime), or and to deepen polarisation among social groups (Gosse & Burkell, 2020 Siekierski, 2019 Vaccari & Chadwick, 2020).
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